Stage 4 — Formula, Feeding & Complications

The Merck Veterinary Manual lists squirrel milk-replacer options including Fox Valley 32/40 mixed 2 parts formula to 3 parts water by volume , or Esbilac : MultiMilk : water at 1 : 0.5 : 2 by volume . These are general squirrel references rather than a ground-squirrel species-specific prescription; product formulations can change, so re-check the manufacturer and an experienced rehabilitator when possible.

Use this only as a conservative starting framework; ground-squirrel species differ and daily gram weight, elimination and behavior should control adjustments. The safest adjustment tool is a daily gram-weight trend plus normal elimination and behavior.

Use a gram scale. Merck’s general neonatal stomach-capacity reference of about 50 mL/kg equals roughly 5 mL per 100 g. Start conservatively, especially after dehydration or starvation. A rounded stomach is not permission to keep feeding; overfeeding increases regurgitation, diarrhea and aspiration risk.

1. Use a 1 mL syringe for small infants so plunger pressure can be controlled.
2. Keep the animal upright/semi-upright with the head neutral.
3. Let it latch or lick; do not push a fast stream.
4. Pause constantly and watch the nose.
5. If formula reaches the nostrils, stop feeding immediately and obtain help for possible aspiration.
6. Eyes-closed infants usually need gentle genital stimulation after feeds until they reliably eliminate on their own.

Ground-squirrel care varies by species. The references below cover veterinary neonatal care, wildlife rehabilitation, natural history and release planning; use species-specific ages, social behavior and seasonal timing whenever they are available.